Martyrdom

Martyrdom, the current terminology some people still phobia. Martyrdom is often associated with jihad or die battle in Sabilillah. The more so in the current era, some persons even distort the meaning of jihad and martyrdom with terrorism, violence, killings, bombings in the name of Islam.
Turned out to be a martyr in Islam is not limited to death for war to defend Islam. Rasulullah SAW even asserted, that martyrdom limited to war it will be very few Muslims were martyred rewarded. As per the guidance of the Prophet Muhammad, was martyred actually covers a lot of things.

Die in a state of religious affairs God is working, such as the Koran, advice, pilgrimage, taking care shodakoh / zakat and other religious affairs.

Muslim mothers who die while giving birth.
Died of stomach pain.
Died of disease.
Drowning, fire and disaster or accident.
باب ما يرجى فيه الشهادة (17)
2803 - حدثنا أبو بكر بن أبي شيبة قال: حدثنا وكيع, عن أبي العميس, عن عبد الله بن عبد الله بن جابر بن عتيك, عن أبيه, عن جده, أنه مرض فأتاه النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم يعوده, فقال قائل من أهله: إن كنا لنرجو أن تكون وفاته قتل شهادة في سبيل الله, فقال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم: «إن شهداء أمتي إذا لقليل, القتل في سبيل الله شهادة, والمطعون شهادة, والمرأة تموت بجمع شهادة - يعني الحامل -, والغرق, والحرق والمجنوب, - يعني ذات الجنب - شهادة »سنن ابن ماجه
Rasulullah SAW ... see her (a friend who was sick) then one of his family said: 'We hope when our grandfathers fought in Sabilillah martyr's death. Rasulullah SAW said: Verily martyrdom umataku if so (died in battle) undoubtedly very few (who were martyred), fight in Allah's way as a martyr, a martyr's death because of illness, and she died giving birth was martyred - the pregnancy - and sink, and burned and majnub - that the dead stomach pain - it's martyrdom.
Ibni Majah Hadiths Sunan No. Chapter 17. 2803 Kittabu Jihad
Even more fun is that it can be asked martyred by praying to God. So every Muslim has a chance to die in a state of martyrdom without having to fight in a battle or commit violence.
2797 - حدثنا حرملة بن يحيى, وأحمد بن عيسى المصريان قالا: حدثنا عبد الله بن وهب قال: حدثني أبو شريح عبد الرحمن بن شريح, أن سهل بن أبي أمامة بن سهل بن حنيف, حدثه عن أبيه, عن جده, أن النبي صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: «من سأل الله الشهادة بصدق من قلبه, بلغه الله منازل الشهداء, وإن مات على فراشه»
True ... Prophet said: "He was martyred ask God sincerely in his heart, God will bring it to the point of martyrdom, even though he died on the seat".
Joy of martyrdom
Martyrdom is a dream for every Muslim martyr has outstanding virtues. In the hadith Ibni Majah No. 2798 stated that when a person martyred two angels fighting over it to bring to Heaven to bring the beauty of silk clothing beat everything in the world. Unfortunately this hadith dhoif.
In another hadith shohih virtue of the martyrs mentioned there are 6:

Jump forgiven his sins when he died
He is shown his place in Paradise
People who were martyred are saved from the punishment of the grave and the grave shock.
Decorated-hiasai faith jewelery
Married with a beautiful maiden nymph
Given the authority to help / mensyafaati 70 people family and friends.
Al Quran surah Ali Imron 169 Allah says that those who die a martyr is not actually dead but still alive on the side of God and get an abundance of good luck.
ولا تحسبن الذين قتلوا في سبيل الله أمواتا بل أحياء عند ربهم يرزقون * سورة آل عمران 169
As a supporter of the verse Ibni Majah Hadith no. 2801 reported that the martyrdom of his soul incarnated green birds nest hanging on Arsyhnya God. The bird flew every day to feed at will in Heaven. MasyaAllah!
2799 - حدثنا هشام بن عمار قال: حدثنا إسماعيل بن عياش قال: حدثني بحير بن سعد, عن خالد بن معدان, عن المقدام بن معديكرب, عن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم قال: "للشهيد عند الله ست خصال: يغفر له في أول دفعة من دمه, ويرى مقعده من الجنة, ويجار من عذاب القبر, ويأمن من الفزع الأكبر, ويحلى حلة الإيمان, ويزوج من الحور العين, ويشفع في سبعين إنسانا من أقاربه "
... Rasulullah SAW said: "For people who were martyred with Allah get six virtues: his sins are forgiven when you first blood flowing, and shown his place in Paradise, saved from the punishment of the grave and the grave secured from shock, and adorned with jewelry decorated faith, and married to a beautiful girl angel, can mensyafaati seventy families ".
2801 - حدثنا علي بن محمد قال: حدثنا أبو معاوية قال: حدثنا الأعمش, عن عبد الله بن مرة, عن مسروق, عن عبد الله, في قوله: {ولا تحسبن الذين قتلوا في سبيل الله أمواتا بل أحياء عند ربهم يرزقون} [آل عمران : 169] قال: أما إنا سألنا عن ذلك, فقال: "أرواحهم كطير خضر تسرح في الجنة في أيها شاءت, ثم تأوي إلى قناديل معلقة بالعرش, ...
Various kinds of Shaheed
Ash Shahadah meaningful death in the path of Allah Almighty, His Word:

ومن يطع الله والرسول فأولئك مع الذين أنعم الله عليهم من النبيين والصديقين والشهداء والصالحين وحسن أولئك رفيقا
Meaning: "They would be together with the people who awarded the favor of God, namely: the prophets, the shiddiiqiin, the people who were martyred, and the pious. That and they are my best friends. "(Surat an-Nisa: 69)
The jurists also use lafazh martyrdom for death in the path of Allah .. (Al Mausu'ah al fiqhiyah juz II case 9292) and those who received martyrdom termed a "martyr".
The scholars divided into three kinds of martyrdom;
1. People who are martyred in the world and hereafter, to those who died in battle against infidels.
2. People who are martyred in the Hereafter, as the hadeeth narrated from Jabir ibn Atik that the Prophet of Allah said, "there are seven dead martyr sort-aside from the war in the way of God-that the disease tho'un martyred, martyred by drowning, because lame martyr, martyr because of abdominal pain, martyrdom by fire, the person who died under the wreckage and he was killed and a woman died giving birth so he martyred. "(Narrated by Ahmad, Abu Dawud and Nasai with sanad shohih)
3. People who are martyred in the world just is not in the Hereafter, that is, those who fight because they want ghonimah (spoils of war), tribal fanaticism or want to be called a martyr or warrior, the words of the Prophet, "Who is at war with the aim of raising kalimatullah, that's what he was in the path of Allah. "(Narrated by Ahmad and Abu Dawud)
As well, the hadeeth narrated from Abu Umamah al Bahiliy said, "It has come a man to the Prophet and asked, 'What do you think about a man who fought to get paid (paid) and would like to be remembered? Prophet replied, 'He did not get anything. "So he asked again up to three times, and the Messenger of Allah also said," He did not get anything.' Then he said, 'Verily Allah does not accept deeds except those performed with full sincerity and his only hope and the blessings. "(Narrated by an Nasa'i)
People who are bathed Martyr
The Fuqaha found that people who were killed by the idolaters in a war or he is found dead on the battlefield, and there are scars or blood, then he is not washed by the words of the Prophet, "Cover them with wounds and blood, and you should not bathe them. ". There is no difference in this matter except what is narrated from Sa'eed ibn al-Hasan and al Musayyib. (Al Mausu'ah al fiqhiyah juz II 9360)
The scholars forbid Shafi bathing and menshalatkan people martyred because he lives according to the texts of the Qur'an and what is narrated from Jabir that the Prophet ordered the people who were killed in the battle of Uhud to be buried and not washed and not dishalatkan . "And more information mutawatir that the Prophet did not menshalatkan them and said to those who were killed in the battle of Uhud," Cover them with the blood of their blood. "
May not be bathed and dishalatkannya people killed by the pagans that they meet Allah the Mighty, the Great, accompanied by their injuries, as the words of the Holy Prophet that the smell of injuries (they) like the smell of musk and the color is the color of blood. "...
Lessons in this case is to let the scars martyrdom that is on them, and as a tribute to them so they do not need a prayer group. Within a hadith that the Prophet said, "There is nothing more beloved to Allah than two drops dand ua former fruit. Tears for fear of Allah and a drop of blood shed in the cause of Allah. Used in the way of Allah and used to perform a duty of God. "(Al Mausu'ah al fiqhiyah juz II case 9359)